Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 with btrfs-luks full disk encryption
If you have followed me here, you know I am a big fan of BTRFS and luks based full disk encryption. I used to use Arch Linux in the past, however recently I have started using Ubuntu LTS as main OS mainly for simplicity and easy availability of numerous tricks online!
The main reason I want to to take this little complex route of installation than simple easy way that Ubuntu provides:
- A luks-based full disk encryption for data safety, specially since I work a lot with medical data!
- An un-encrypted EFI partition for the GRUB bootloader
- a btrfs-inside-luks partition for the root filesystem (including /boot) containing a subvolume
@for/and a subvolume@homefor/homewith only one passphrase prompt from GRUB! - automatic system snapshots and easy rollback similar to
zsyscusing:- Timeshift, which will regularly take (almost instant) snapshots of the system
- grub-btrfs, which will automatically create GRUB entries for all your btrfs snapshots
This tutorial is made with Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa copied to an installation media (usually a USB Flash device but may be a DVD or the ISO file attached to a virtual machine hypervisor). This has been adapted from this Blog.
Step 1: Boot the install, check UEFI mode and open an interactive root shell
Since most modern PCs have UEFI, I will cover only the UEFI installation. So, boot the installation medium in UEFI mode, choose your language and click Try Ubuntu. Once the Live Desktop environment has started we need to use a Terminal shell command-line to issue a series of commands to prepare the target device before executing the installer itself.
Now, open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and run the following command:
mount | grep efivars
# efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)to detect whether we are in UEFI mode. Now switch to an interactive root session:
sudo -iYou might find maximizing the terminal window is helpful for working with the command-line. Do not close this terminal window during the whole installation process until we are finished with everything.
Step 2: Prepare partitions manually
Create partition table and layout
First find out the name of your drive. For me the installation target device is called nvme01n1:
lsblk
# NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
# loop0 7:0 0 1.9G 1 loop /rofs
# loop1 7:1 0 27.1M 1 loop /snap/snapd/7264
# loop2 7:2 0 55M 1 loop /snap/core18/1705
# loop3 7:3 0 240.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/24
# loop4 7:4 0 62.1M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506
# loop5 7:5 0 49.8M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/433
# sr0 11:0 1 2.5G 0 rom /cdrom
# sr1 11:1 1 1024M 0 rom
# sr2 11:2 1 1024M 0 rom
# nvme0n1 252:0 0 991G 0 diskNote: You can also open gparted or have a look into the /dev folder to make sure what your hard drive is called. In most cases they are called sda for normal SSD and HDD, whereas for NVME storage the naming is nvme0. Also note that there are no partitions or data on my hard drive, you might want to double check which partition layout fits your use case, particularly if you dual-boot with other systems.
We’ll now create the following partition layout on nvme0n1:
- a 512 MiB FAT32 EFI partition for the GRUB bootloader
- a 4 GiB partition for encrypted swap use
- a luks1 encrypted partition which will be our root btrfs filesystem
Some remarks:
/bootwill reside on the encrypted luks1 partition. The GRUB bootloader is able to decryptluks1at boot time. Alternatively, you could create an encryptedluks1partition for/bootand aluks2encrypted partition for the root filesystem.- With btrfs I do not need any other partitions for e.g.
/home, as we will use subvolumes instead.
Let’s use parted for this (feel free to use gparted accordingly):
parted /dev/nvme0n1
mklabel gpt
mkpart primary 1MiB 513MiB
mkpart primary 513MiB 4609MiB
mkpart primary 4609MiB 100%
print
# Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
# Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 991.7GB
# Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
# Partition Table: gpt
# Disk Flags:
#
# Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
# 1 1049kB 538MB 537MB primary
# 2 538MB 4833MB 4295MB primary
# 3 4833MB 991.7GB 990.9GB primary
quitDo not set names or flags, as in my experience the Ubiquity installer has some problems with that.
Create luks1 partition
The default luks (Linux Unified Key Setup) format used by the cryptsetup tool has changed since the release of Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic. 18.04 used version 1 (luks1) but more recent Ubuntu releases default to version 2 (luks2) and check that /boot is not located inside an encrypted partition. GRUB is able to decrypt luks version 1 at boot time, but Ubiquity does not allow this by default. Note that if you want to use luks version 2 you should create an encrypted /boot partition using version 1, whereas the root filesystem can then be formatted using version 2. Either way, we need to prepare the luks1 partition or else GRUB will not be able to unlock the encrypted device. Note that most Linux distributions also default to version 1 if you do a full disk encryption (e.g. Manjaro Architect).
cryptsetup luksFormat --type=luks1 /dev/nvme0n1p3
# WARNING!
# ========
# This will overwrite data on /dev/nvme0n1p3 irrevocably.
# Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
# Enter passphrase for /dev/nvme0n1p3:
# Verify passphrase:Use a very good password here. Now map the encrypted partition to a device called cryptdata, which will be our root filesystem:
cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p3 cryptdata
# Enter passphrase for /dev/nvme0n1p3:
ls /dev/mapper/
# control cryptdataCreate filesystems for root and EFI System partitions
Create a filesystem for the EFI System partition. If there was e.g. an NTFS filesystem at the beginning of the drive, the Ubiquity installer will be unable to mount the filesystem otherwise.
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1We need to pre-format cryptdata because, in my experience, the Ubiquity installer messes something up and complains about devices with the same name being mounted twice.
mkfs.btrfs /dev/mapper/cryptdata
# btrfs-progs v5.4.1
# See http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for more information.
# Label: (null)
# UUID: 4025b177-70ac-462b-9895-bdde1d6b3d0c
# Node size: 16384
# Sector size: 4096
# Filesystem size: 59.50GiB
# Block group profiles:
# Data: single 8.00MiB
# Metadata: DUP 1.00GiB
# System: DUP 8.00MiB
# SSD detected: yes
# Incompat features: extref, skinny-metadata
# Checksum: crc32c
# Number of devices: 1
# Devices:
# ID SIZE PATH
# 1 990.50GiB /dev/mapper/cryptdatacryptdata is our root partition which we’ll use for the root filesystem.
Step 3 (optional): Optimize mount options for SSD or NVME drives
Unfortunately, the Ubiquity installer does not set good mount options for btrfs on SSD or NVME drives, so you should change this for optimized performance and durability. I have found that there is some general agreement to use the following mount options:
ssd: use SSD specific options for optimal use on SSD and NVMEnoatime: prevent frequent disk writes by instructing the Linux kernel not to store the last access time of files and foldersspace_cache: allows btrfs to store free space cache on the disk to make caching of a block group much quickercommit=120: time interval in which data is written to the filesystem (value of 120 is taken from Manjaro)compress=zstd: allows to specify the compression algorithm which we want to use. btrfs provideslzo,zstdandzlibcompression algorithms. Based on some Phoronix test cases,zstdseems to be the better performing candidate.- Lastly the pass flag for
fschkin thefstabis useless for btrfs and should be set to 0.
We need to change two configuration files:
/usr/lib/partman/mount.d/70btrfs/usr/lib/partman/fstab.d/btrfs
So let’s use an editor to change the following:
nano /usr/lib/partman/mount.d/70btrfs
# line 24: options="${options:+$options,}[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd"
# line 31: options="${options:+$options,}[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd"
nano /usr/lib/partman/fstab.d/btrfs
# line 30: pass=0
# line 31: home_options="${options:+$options,}[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd"
# line 32: options="${options:+$options,}[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd"
# line 36: pass=0
# line 37: options="${options:+$options,}[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd"
# line 40: pass=0
# line 56: echo "$home_path" "$home_mp" btrfs "$home_options" 0 0Step 4: Install Ubuntu using the Ubiquity installer without the bootloader
Now let’s run the installation process, but without installing the bootloader, as we want to put /boot on an encrypted partition which is actually not allowed by Ubiquity. So we need to run the installer with:
ubiquity --no-bootloaderChoose the installation language, keyboard layout, Normal or Minimal installation, check the boxes of the Other options according to your needs. In the “Installation type” options choose “Something Else” and the manual partitioner will start:
- Select
/dev/nvme0n1p1, press theChangebutton. ChooseUse as‘EFI System Partition’. - Select
/dev/nvme0n1p2, press theChangebutton. ChooseUse as‘swap area’ to create a swap partition. We will encrypt this partition later in thecrypttab. - Select the root filesystem device for formatting (/dev/mapper/cryptdata type btrfs on top), press the
Changebutton. ChooseUse as‘btrfs journaling filesystem’, checkFormat the partitionand use ‘/’ asMount point. - If you have other partitions, check their types and use; particularly, deactivate other EFI partitions.
Recheck everything, press the Install Now button to write the changes to the disk and hit the Continue button. Select the time zone and fill out your user name and password. If your installation is successful choose the Continue Testing option.
DO NOT REBOOT!, but return to your terminal.
Step 5: Post-Installation steps
Create a chroot environment and enter your system
Return to the terminal and create a chroot (change-root) environment to work directly inside your newly installed operating system:
mount -o subvol=@,ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd /dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/
sudo chroot /mntNow you are actually inside your system, so let’s mount all other partitions and have a look at the btrfs subvolumes:
mount -av
# / : ignored
# /boot/efi : successfully mounted
# /home : successfully mounted
# none : ignored
btrfs subvolume list /
# ID 256 gen 164 top level 5 path @
# ID 258 gen 30 top level 5 path @homeLooks great. Note that the subvolume @ is mounted to /, whereas the subvolume @home is mounted to /home.
Create crypttab
We need to create the crypttab manually:
export UUID_p3=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/nvme0n1p3) #this is an environmental variable
echo "cryptdata UUID=${UUID_p3} none luks" >> /etc/crypttab
cat /etc/crypttab
# cryptdata UUID=8e893c0f-4060-49e3-9d96-db6dce7466dc none luksNote that the UUID is from the luks partition /dev/nvme0n1p3, not from the device mapper /dev/mapper/cryptdata! You can get all UUID using blkid.
Encrypted swap
There are many ways to encrypt the swap partition, a good reference is dm-crypt/Swap encryption. For the sake of this guide, I will only show how to set up it as an encrypted swap partition.
Swap partition
As I have no use for hibernation or suspend-to-disk, I will simply use a random password to decrypt the swap partition using the crypttab:
export SWAPUUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/nvme0n1p2)
echo "cryptswap UUID=${SWAPUUID} /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=512" >> /etc/crypttab
cat /etc/crypttab
# cryptdata UUID=8e893c0f-4060-49e3-9d96-db6dce7466dc none luks
# cryptswap UUID=9cae34c0-3755-43b1-ac05-2173924fd433 /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=512We also need to adapt the fstab accordingly:
sed -i "s|UUID=${SWAPUUID}|/dev/mapper/cryptswap|" /etc/fstab
cat /etc/fstab
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata / btrfs defaults,[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd 0 0
# UUID=01DE-F282 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata /home btrfs defaults,[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd 0 0
# /dev/mapper/cryptswap none swap sw 0 0The sed command simply replaced the UUID of your swap partition with the encrypted device called /dev/mapper/cryptswap. There you go, you have an encrypted swap partition.
Add a key-file to type luks passphrase only once (optional, but recommended)
The device holding the kernel (and the initramfs image) is unlocked by GRUB, but the root device needs to be unlocked again at initramfs stage, regardless whether it’s the same device or not, so you’ll get a second prompt for your passphrase. This is because GRUB boots with the given vmlinuz and initramfs images; in other words, all devices are locked, and the root device needs to be unlocked again. To avoid extra passphrase prompts at initramfs stage, a workaround is to unlock via key files stored into the initramfs image. This can also be used to unlock any additional luks partitions you want on your disk. Since the initramfs image now resides on an encrypted device, this still provides protection for data at rest. After all for luks the volume key can already be found by user space in the Device Mapper table, so one could argue that including key files to the initramfs image – created with restrictive permissions – doesn’t change the threat model for luks devices. Note that this is exactly what e.g. the Manjaro architect installer does as well.
Long story short, let’s create a key-file, secure it, and add it to our luks volume:
mkdir /etc/luks
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile bs=4096 count=1
# 1+0 records in
# 1+0 records out
# 4096 bytes (4.1 kB, 4.0 KiB) copied, 0.000928939 s, 4.4 MB/s
chmod u=rx,go-rwx /etc/luks
chmod u=r,go-rwx /etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/nvme0n1p3 /etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile
# Enter any existing passphrase:
cryptsetup luksDump /dev/nvme0n1p3 | grep "Key Slot"
# Key Slot 0: ENABLED
# Key Slot 1: ENABLED
# Key Slot 2: DISABLED
# Key Slot 3: DISABLED
# Key Slot 4: DISABLED
# Key Slot 5: DISABLED
# Key Slot 6: DISABLED
# Key Slot 7: DISABLEDNote that “Key Slot 0” contains our passphrase, whereas “Key Slot 1” contains the key-file. Let’s restrict the pattern of keyfiles and avoid leaking key material for the initramfs hook:
echo "KEYFILE_PATTERN=/etc/luks/*.keyfile" >> /etc/cryptsetup-initramfs/conf-hook
echo "UMASK=0077" >> /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.confThese commands will harden the security options in the intiramfs configuration file and hook.
Next, add the keyfile to your crypttab:
sed -i "s|none|/etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile|" /etc/crypttab # this replaces none with /etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile
cat /etc/crypttab
# cryptdata UUID=8e893c0f-4060-49e3-9d96-db6dce7466dc /etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile luks
# cryptswap UUID=9cae34c0-3755-43b1-ac05-2173924fd433 /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=512Install the EFI bootloader
Now it is time to finalize the setup and install the GRUB bootloader. First we need to make it capable to unlock luks1-type partitions by setting GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y in /etc/default/grub, then install the bootloader to the device /dev/nvme0n1 and lastly update GRUB. Just in case, I also reinstall the generic kernel (“linux-generic” and “linux-headers-generic”) and also install the Hardware Enablement kernel (“linux-generic-hwe-20.04” “linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04”):
echo "GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y" >> /etc/default/grub
apt install -y --reinstall grub-efi-amd64-signed linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-generic-hwe-20.04 linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04
# --- SOME APT INSTALLATION OUTPUT ---
update-initramfs -c -k all
# update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic
# update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-29-generic
grub-install /dev/nve0n1
# Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
# Installation finished. No error reported.
update-grub
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
# Generating grub configuration file ...
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic
# Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
# doneLastly, double-check that the initramfs image has restrictive permissions and includes the keyfile:
stat -L -c "%A %n" /boot/initrd.img
# -rw------- /boot/initrd.img
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img | grep "^cryptroot/keyfiles/"
# cryptroot/keyfiles/cryptdata.keyNote that cryptsetup-initramfs may rename key files inside the initramfs.
Step 6: Reboot, some checks, and update system
Now, it is time to exit the chroot - cross your fingers - and reboot the system:
exit
# exit
reboot nowIf all went well you should see a single passphrase prompt (YAY!) from GRUB:
Enter the passphrase for hd0,gpt3 (some very long number):where you enter the luks passphrase to unlock GRUB, which then either asks you again for your passphrase or uses the key-file to unlock /dev/nvme0n1p3 and map it to /dev/mapper/cryptdata. If you added a key-file you need to type your password only once. Note that if you mistyped the password for GRUB, you must restart the computer and retry.
Now let’s click through the welcome screen and open up a terminal to see whether everything is set up correctly:
sudo cat /etc/crypttab
# cryptdata UUID=8e893c0f-4060-49e3-9d96-db6dce7466dc /etc/luks/boot_os.keyfile luks
# cryptswap UUID=9cae34c0-3755-43b1-ac05-2173924fd433 /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=512
sudo cat /etc/fstab
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata / btrfs defaults,[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd 0 0
# UUID=01DE-F282 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata /home btrfs defaults,[email protected],ssd,noatime,space_cache,commit=120,compress=zstd 0 0
# /dev/mapper/cryptswap none swap sw 0 0
sudo mount -av
# / : ignored
# /boot/efi : already mounted
# /home : already mounted
# none : ignored
# /swap : already mounted
sudo mount -v | grep /dev/mapper
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata on / type btrfs (rw,noatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache,commit=120,subvolid=256,subvol=/@)
# /dev/mapper/cryptdata on /home type btrfs (rw,noatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache,commit=120,subvolid=258,subvol=/@home)
sudo swapon
# NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
# /dev/dm-1 partition 4G 0B -3
sudo btrfs filesystem show /
# Label: none uuid: aa90f2d3-10d9-420b-86e2-92ffce0ece9d
# Total devices 1 FS bytes used 6.61GiB
# devid 1 size 990.50GiB used 9.02GiB path /dev/mapper/cryptdata
sudo btrfs subvolume list /
# ID 256 gen 195 top level 5 path @
# ID 258 gen 192 top level 5 path @homeLook’s good. Note that in this tutorial I installed both a swapfile and a swap partition. Normally you would choose one or the other.
Let’s update the system and reboot one more time:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt autocleanAlso enable fstrim.timer as we did not add discard to the crypttab. This is due to the fact that Btrfs Async Discard Support Looks To Be Ready For Linux 5.6 is quite new, but 20.04 still runs kernel 5.4, it is better to enable the fstrim.timer systemd service:
sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timerNow reboot:
sudo reboot nowStep 7: Install Timeshift and grub-btrfs
Open a terminal and install some dependencies:
sudo apt install -y btrfs-progs git makeInstall Timeshift and configure it directly via the GUI:
sudo apt install timeshift
sudo timeshift-gtk- Select “BTRFS” as the “Snapshot Type”; continue with “Next”
- Choose your BTRFS system partition as “Snapshot Location”; continue with “Next”
- “Select Snapshot Levels” (type and number of snapshots that will be automatically created and managed/deleted by Timeshift), my recommendations:
- Activate “Monthly” and set it to 1
- Activate “Weekly” and set it to 3
- Activate “Daily” and set it to 5
- Deactivate “Hourly”
- Activate “Boot” and set it to 3
- Activate “Stop cron emails for scheduled tasks”
- continue with “Next”
- I also include the
@homesubvolume (which is not selected by default). Note that when you restore a snapshot Timeshift you get the choice whether you want to restore it as well (which in most cases you don’t want to). - Click “Finish”
- “Create” a manual first snapshot & exit Timeshift
Timeshift will now check every hour if snapshots (“hourly”, “daily”, “weekly”, “monthly”, “boot”) need to be created or deleted. Note that “boot” snapshots will not be created directly but about 10 minutes after a system startup.
Timeshift puts all snapshots into /run/timeshift/backup. Conveniently, the real root (subvolid 5) of your BTRFS partition is also mounted here, so it is easy to view, create, delete and move around snapshots manually.
ls /run/timeshift/backup
# @ @home @swap timeshift-btrfsNote that /run/timeshift/backup/@ contains your / folder, /run/timeshift/backup/@home contains your /home folder, /run/timeshift/backup/@swap contains your /swap folder.
Now let’s install timeshift-autosnap-apt and grub-btrfs from GitHub
git clone https://github.com/wmutschl/timeshift-autosnap-apt.git /home/$USER/timeshift-autosnap-apt
cd /home/$USER/timeshift-autosnap-apt
sudo make install
git clone https://github.com/Antynea/grub-btrfs.git /home/$USER/grub-btrfs
cd /home/$USER/grub-btrfs
sudo make installAfter this, optionally, make changes to the configuration files:
sudo nano /etc/timeshift-autosnap-apt.conf
sudo nano /etc/default/grub-btrfs/configFor example, as we don’t have a dedicated /boot partition, we can set snapshotBoot=false in the timeshift-autosnap-apt-conf file to not rsync the /boot directory to /boot.backup. Note that the EFI partition is still rsynced into your snapshot to /boot.backup/efi. For grub-btrfs, I change GRUB_BTRFS_SUBMENUNAME to “MY BTRFS SNAPSHOTS”.
Check if everything is working:
sudo timeshift-autosnap-apt
# Rsyncing /boot/efi into the filesystem before the call to timeshift.
# Using system disk as snapshot device for creating snapshots in BTRFS mode
#
# /dev/dm-0 is mounted at: /run/timeshift/backup, options: rw,relatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache,commit=120,subvolid=5,subvol=/
#
# Creating new backup...(BTRFS)
# Saving to device: /dev/dm-0, mounted at path: /run/timeshift/backup
# Created directory: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29
# Created subvolume snapshot: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29/@
# Created subvolume snapshot: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29/@home
# Created control file: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29/info.json
# BTRFS Snapshot saved successfully (0s)
# Tagged snapshot '2020-05-06_23-43-29': ondemand
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
# Generating grub configuration file ...
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic
# Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
# ###### - Grub-btrfs: Snapshot detection started - ######
# # Info: Separate boot partition not detected
# # Found snapshot: 2020-05-06 23:43:29 | timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29/@
# # Found snapshot: 2020-05-06 23:35:24 | timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-35-24/@
# # Found 2 snapshot(s)
# ###### - Grub-btrfs: Snapshot detection ended - ######
# doneNow, if you run sudo apt install|remove|upgrade|dist-upgrade, timeshift-autosnap-apt will create a snapshot of your system with Timeshift and grub-btrfs creates the corresponding boot menu entries (actually it creates boot menu entries for all subvolumes of your system).
For example:
sudo apt install rolldice
# Reading package lists... Done
# Building dependency tree
# Reading state information... Done
# The following NEW packages will be installed:
# rolldice
# 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 37 not upgraded.
# Need to get 9.628 B of archives.
# After this operation, 31,7 kB of additional disk space will be used.
# Get:1 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 rolldice amd64 1.16-1build1 [9.628 B]
# Fetched 9.628 B in 0s (32,4 kB/s)
# Rsyncing /boot/efi into the filesystem before the call to timeshift.
# Using system disk as snapshot device for creating snapshots in BTRFS mode
#
# /dev/dm-0 is mounted at: /run/timeshift/backup, options: rw,relatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache,commit=120,subvolid=5,subvol=/
#
# Creating new backup...(BTRFS)
# Saving to device: /dev/dm-0, mounted at path: /run/timeshift/backup
# Created directory: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-45-37
# Created subvolume snapshot: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-45-37/@
# Created subvolume snapshot: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-45-37/@home
# Created control file: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-45-37/info.json
# BTRFS Snapshot saved successfully (0s)
# Tagged snapshot '2020-05-06_23-45-37': ondemand
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
# Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
# Generating grub configuration file ...
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-29-generic
# Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic
# Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic
# Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
# ###### - Grub-btrfs: Snapshot detection started - ######
# # Info: Separate boot partition not detected
# # Found snapshot: 2020-05-06 23:45:37 | timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-45-37/@
# # Found snapshot: 2020-05-06 23:43:29 | timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-43-29/@
# # Found snapshot: 2020-05-06 23:35:24 | timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2020-05-06_23-35-24/@
# # Found 3 snapshot(s)
# ###### - Grub-btrfs: Snapshot detection ended - ######
# done
# Selecting previously unselected package rolldice.
# (Reading database ... 158308 files and directories currently installed.)
# Preparing to unpack .../rolldice_1.16-1build1_amd64.deb ...
# Unpacking rolldice (1.16-1build1) ...
# Setting up rolldice (1.16-1build1) ...
# Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...Hopefully this is of help to some of you who want to have a stable and reliable system! Let me know you thoughts in comments below.
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